{"id":6926,"date":"2022-09-28T11:41:52","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T11:41:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/catunescoforum.upv.es\/?p=6926"},"modified":"2022-09-28T11:41:53","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T11:41:53","slug":"el-esparto-un-recurso-con-historia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/catunescoforum.upv.es\/?p=6926","title":{"rendered":"EL ESPARTO: UN RECURSO CON HISTORIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La utilidad de fibras naturales para la confecci\u00f3n del cordaje ya resultaba patente en la Grecia cl\u00e1sica<\/strong>, a trav\u00e9s del uso de un recurso parecido a la planta del esparto <\/strong>denominada Ginesta<\/em>, a la que los griegos llamaban sparton.<\/em> Plinio ya distingu\u00eda en sus tratados la diferencia entre las cuerdas realizadas con esta planta y el llamado esparto espa\u00f1ol, utilizado en la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya exist\u00eda, en el neol\u00edtico<\/strong>, evidencias de la utilizaci\u00f3n de la cordeler\u00eda de esparto en los asentamientos, encontrados en numerosos yacimientos arqueol\u00f3gicos, como es el ejemplo del arg\u00e1rico de Los Cipreses en Lorca (Murcia).  
Con el paso del tiempo, la tradici\u00f3n se intensific\u00f3 gracias al comienzo de la explotaci\u00f3n pesquera en las costas del sureste espa\u00f1ol. Tambi\u00e9n se hace evidente el uso de este recurso en el hallazgo de una red atunera en Portugal, confeccionada con esparto a finales del siglo V a.C.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El uso rutinario del esparto continu\u00f3 hasta la Edad Media<\/strong>, cuando se inici\u00f3 su relaci\u00f3n directa con el medio mar\u00edtimo. Una de las primeras definiciones que se encuentran en este \u00e1mbito es la del tratado escrito por Alonso de Chaves (cart\u00f3grafo y navegante espa\u00f1ol) que menciona el estrenque como una maroma gruesa de esparto con el que se amarran las naos estando surtas en los r\u00edos que son buenas para all\u00ed porque las de c\u00e1\u00f1amo d\u00e1\u00f1anse con el agua dulce<\/em>. Seg\u00fan las caracter\u00edsticas descritas, el esparto permit\u00eda una mejor adaptaci\u00f3n a la maniobra en r\u00edos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El esparto<\/strong> como material, ha visto crecer a toda una especie a trav\u00e9s de civilizaciones que han relacionado estas fibras con las facilidades y posibilidades como la del amarre de un buque o el traslado de mercanc\u00edas. Este recurso, no s\u00f3lo sustenta en formato de cesta, sino que encierra y permite transportar un conjunto de tradiciones<\/strong> ligadas con las pr\u00e1cticas artesanales<\/strong> de quienes trenzaban para confeccionar \u00fatiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoy, el esparto acompa\u00f1a a una sociedad digitalizada e industrializada, pero la artesan\u00eda sigue trenzando este oficio y confeccionando todo aquello que nos une con la tradici\u00f3n de cuidar y proteger nuestras pr\u00e1cticas ancestrales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profundiza m\u00e1s en esta t\u00e9cnica a trav\u00e9s del curso \u201cArtesan\u00eda sostenible: la cultura del esparto\u201d. Inscr\u00edbete aqu\u00ed. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descubre el \u00f3leo Vista del Puerto de Santa Mar\u00eda<\/em> (1781-1785) de Mariano Ram\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez aqu\u00ed. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descubre el \u00f3leo Vista del Muelle de Cartagena<\/em> (1793) de Mariano Ram\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez aqu\u00ed. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

__<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ESPARTO GRASS: A RESOURCE WITH HISTORY<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The use of natural fibers for the manufacture of rope was already evident in Ancient Greece<\/strong>, through the use of a resource similar to the esparto grass plant called Ginesta, which the Greeks called sparton. Pliny already distinguished in his treatises the difference between the ropes made with this plant and the so-called Spanish esparto grass, used in the Iberian Peninsula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the Neolithic period<\/strong>, there was already evidence of the use of esparto grass cordage in settlements, found in numerous archaeological sites, such as the Argaric site of Los Cipreses in Lorca (Murcia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the passage of time, the tradition intensified thanks to the beginning of the fishing exploitation on the coasts of southeastern Spain. The use of this resource is also evident in the discovery of a tuna net in Portugal, made of esparto grass at the end of the 5th century BC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The routine use of esparto continued until the Middle Age<\/strong>, when its direct relationship with the maritime environment began. One of the first definitions found in this field is the treatise written by Alonso de Chaves (Spanish cartographer and navigator) who mentions the estrenque as a thick esparto grass rope with which ships are moored when they are anchored in rivers that are good for there because those made of hemp are damaged by fresh water. According to the described characteristics, the esparto grass allowed a better adaptation to the maneuver in the rivers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The esparto grass <\/strong>as a material, has seen the growth of a whole species through civilizations that have related these fibers with the facilities and possibilities such as the mooring of a ship or the transfer of goods. This resource, not only sustains in basket format, but also encloses and allows the transport of a set of traditions<\/strong> linked to the artisan practices<\/strong> of those who braided to make tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, esparto grass accompanies a digitalized and industrialized society, but craftsmanship continues to braid this craft and make everything that unites us with the tradition of caring for and protecting our ancestral practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn more about this technique through the course \u201cSustainable craftsmanship: the culture of esparto grass\u201d. Sign up here. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oil painting Vista del Puerto de Santa Mar\u00eda<\/em> (1781-1785), Mariano Ram\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez here. <\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oil painting Vista del Muelle de Cartagena<\/em> (1793), Mariano Ram\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez here. <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

__<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El esparto ha sido utilizado por la especie humana durante numerosas civilizaciones. 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